In the U.S., there has been a gradual increase in the concern of state and local immigration departments about immigrants and how they integrate into societies, find jobs, and acquire public services. In 2024, the state presented over 700 state-level bills relevant to immigration which reflect a combination of inclusiveness and restrictions in different states.

Pro-Immigrant Initiatives:

Many states are actively taking steps to enhance access of immigrants to resources and opportunities. For example, to address local healthcare shortages, states such as Virginia, Wisconsin, and Indiana have proposed relaxation in occupational licensing requirements for internationally trained healthcare professionals, while using the skills of immigrant workforces. However, to support immigrants through workforce development, language assistance, and integration resources, ​new Offices of New Americans (ONA) have been established in states like Pennsylvania, Vermont, Hawaii, and Maine.

Furthermore, in some states, access to driver’s licenses has been made easy which enables undocumented immigrants to drive legally. In that way, public safety will improve and immigrants can go to work and school more easily. In addition, to ensure equal opportunities for immigrant students, including asylum seekers and refugees, some states such as California and Oregon have passed bills.

Restrictive Measures and Enforcement Policies:

On the other hand, some states such as Texas and Florida are introducing strict immigration enforcement laws. Usually, federal authorities are involved in immigration enforcement role but Texas has taken an aggressive approach and implemented measures that allow state and local law enforcement to participate directly in immigration enforcement. This policy includes controversial actions like giving permission to local police to arrest immigrants who commit any violation and installing physical barriers along the U.S.-Mexico border. Some states such as Oklahoma and Arizona also consider similar laws that complicate immigration and lead to increased legal challenges.

Differences in state policies create complexity in immigration laws. Some states promote a welcoming environment while others discourage immigrants and impose restrictions that impact their ability to work, study, and live safely. These diversifying approaches ignite debate in the U.S. related to immigration laws and different policies at the state and local levels. The approaching elections might also impact the immigration strategies, which will further influence local and foreign national individuals in the country.